Detection of oral biomarkers as a diagnostic tool for orthodontically induced inflammatory root resorption: a literature review

Alexandra Camarena Fonseca; Abraham Meneses López

doi:10.20453/reh.v32i3.4289

Alexandra Camarena Fonseca Doctor of Dental Surgery, Specialist in Orthodontics, Master of Science in Dentistry, PhD student at Cayetano Heredia Peruvian University. Professor at Faculty of Integrated Medicine, Stomatology and Nursing (Academic Department of Child and Adolescent Stomatology), Cayetano Heredia Peruvian University. Lima, Peru.
Abraham Meneses López Doctor of Dental Surgery, Specialist in Orthodontics, Master of Science in Dentistry, PhD in Stomatology. Principal Professor at Faculty of Integrated Medicine, Stomatology and Nursing (Academic Department of Child and Adolescent Stomatology), Cayetano Heredia Peruvian University. Lima, Peru.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.20453/reh.v32i3.4289

Palabras clave: Root resorption, biomarkers, saliva, gingival crevicular fluid, diagnosis, orthodontics

Resumen

Orthodontically induced inflammatory root resorption (OIIRR) is one of the most common complications of orthodontic treatment. Historically, only radiographic methods were available, while offering ease of use and accessibility, many limitations exist. Problems of technique, standardization, limited points of view and radiation exposure remain. Resorption can only be detected after a significant portion of the root has been lost (60% to
70% mineralized tissue). Moreover, these methods are static and cannot indicate if the process of root resorption has arrested or is ongoing. Recently, oral fluids have been used as a tool for the diagnosis and monitoring of oral and systemic diseases through the detection of biomarkers. The purpose of this review is to describe the scientific evidence related to the prevalence, etiology, the traditional diagnostic methods and the advances in the detection of oral biomarkers through molecular biology for this pathology.

Referencias

Orce A. El gen de la osteopontina y su mediación en la susceptibilidad a la rebasorción radicual apical externa en Ortodoncia.Tesis Doctoral Sevilla: Facultad de Odontología, Universidad de Sevilla; 2016.

Sha H, Bai Y, Li S, Wang X, Yin Y. Comparison between electrochemical ELISA and spectrophotometric ELISA for the detection of dentine sialophosphoprotein for root resorption. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2014; 145(1): 36-40. doi: 10.1016/j.ajodo.2013.09.008

George A, Evans CA. Detection of root resorption using dentin and bone markers. Orthod Craniofac Res. 2009 Aug; 12(3): 229-35. doi: 10.1111/j.1601-6343.2009.01457.x

Brezniak N, Goren S, Zoizner R, et al. A comparison of three methods to accurately measure root length. Angle Orthod. 2004; 74(6):786-91.

Farfán MJ. Biología molecular aplicada al diagnótisco clínico. Rev Med Clin Condes. 2015;26(6):788-93.

Papagerakis P, Zheng L, Kim D, et al. Saliva and Gingival Crevicular Fluid (GCF) Collection for Biomarker Screening. Methods Mol Biol. 2019; 1922:549-562. doi: 10.1007/978-1-4939-9012-2_41

Balducci L, Ramachandran A, Hao J, Narayanan K, Evans C, George A. Biological markers for evaluation of root resorption. Arch Oral Biol. 2007;52(3):203-8.

Kereshanan S, Stephenson P, Waddington R. Identification of dentine sialoprotein in gingival crevicular fluid during physiological root resorption and orthodontic tooth movement. Eur J Orthod. 2008;30(3):307-14. 9. Kaczor-Urbanowicz KE, Martin C, Aro K, Tu M, Garcia-Godoy F, Wong DT. Saliva diagnostics- Current views and directions. Exp Biol Med (Maywood). 2017; 242 (5):459-472. 21.

Navazesh M. Methods for collecting saliva. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 1993; 694:72-7. doi: 10.1111/j.1749-6632

Mah J, Prasad N. Dentine phosphoproteins in gingival crevicular fluid during root resorption. Eur J Orthod. 2004;26(1):25-30.

Kaczor-Urbanowiccz KE, Deursch O, Zaks B, Krief G, Chauhu S, Palmon A. Identification of salivary protein biomarkers for orthodontically induced inflammatory root resorption. Proteomics Clin Appl. 2017; 11(9-10): 1-27.

Yashin D, Dalci O, Almuzian M, et al. Markers in blood and saliva for prediction of orthodontically induced inflammatory root resorption: a retrospective case controlled-study. Prog Orthod. 2017;18(1):27.

Ahuja R, Almuzian M, Khan A, Pascovici D, Dalci O, Darendeliler MA. A preliminary investigation of short-term cytokine expression in gingival crevicular fluid secondary to high-level orthodontic forces and the associated root resorption: case series analytical study. Prog Orthod. 2017;18(1):23. doi: 10.1186/s40510-017-0177-x.

Zhou J, Hu H, Huang R. A pilot study of the metabolomic profiles of saliva from female orthodontic patients with external apical root resorption. Clin Chim Acta. 2018;478:188-193. doi: 10.1016/j.cca.2017.12.046

Holt S. Dentin matrix protein-1 and dentin phosphophoryn in saliva as biomarkers for root resorption. Thesis. Chicago: University of Illinois; 2018.

Mohd FA, Zainal SH, Karsani SA, Megat Abdul R. Label-free quantitative proteomic analysis of gingival crevicular fluid to identify potential early markers for root resorption. BMC Oral Health. 2020;20(1):256. doi: 10.1186/s12903-020-01246-9

Mandour KAA, Tawfeek MA, Montasser MA. Expression of biological markers in gingival crevicular fluid of teeth with orthodontically induced root resorption. J Orofac Orthop. 2020;82(5):313-320. doi: 10.1007/s00056-020-00267-x

Ghaleb S, Tamish N, ElKenany W, Guindi M. The effect of two different types of forces on possible root resorption in relation to dentin phosphoprotein levels: a single-blind, split-mouth, randomized controlled trial. Prog Orthod. 2021;22(1):44. doi: 10.1186/s40510-021-00388-y

Huang GY, Choi SH, Jung HD, Kim HS, Hwang CJ, Lee KJ. Tissue-specific biomarkers in gingival crevicular fluid are correlated with external root resorption caused by constant mechanical load: an in vivo study. Clin Oral Investig. 2021;25(11):6321-6333. doi: 10.1007/s00784-021-03932-6.